Which factors can change the fall risk status of a patient?

The correct answer encompasses all the listed factors—nutritional or hydration changes, changes in mental status, and vision or hearing problems—because each of these can significantly influence a patient's fall risk status.

Nutritional and hydration changes can impact a patient's physical strength and balance. For instance, dehydration can lead to dizziness and weakness, increasing the likelihood of falls. Similarly, poor nutrition can affect muscle function and overall stability.

Changes in mental status, such as confusion, disorientation, or altered cognition, can impair judgment and coordination, making it difficult for patients to navigate their environment safely. Mental health issues, such as depression or anxiety, can also contribute to fall risk.

Vision and hearing problems can create challenges in perceiving the surrounding environment, which is crucial for maintaining balance and navigating safely. Impaired vision can prevent a patient from seeing obstacles, while hearing loss can diminish a person's awareness of their surroundings, both of which significantly heighten the risk of falling.

Thus, each of these factors contributes cumulatively to a patient's fall risk status, making it essential to consider all of them in patient assessments and care plans.